Cathedrals and Castles

History 201H
Wittenberg in Paris, Summer 2008

 

Course Description and Objectives:

The medieval period conjures up visions of knights in shining armor, pious monks and sweaty peasants. But was this the reality? By examining both the textual and material sources of the medieval world, we will explore the lives of many different medieval people.  The castle and cathedral will act as our portals into the important events, developments, realities, and achievements of the medieval world. Students will be asked to analyze written sources, but also make connections between what they read and what they see. Discussion of the material and the historical sites visited will be vital to the course.

Required Books:

 The Devil’s Door by Sharan Newman
 A Medieval Life: Cecilia Pennifader of Brigstock by Judith Bennett
 Strong of Body, Brave and Noble: Chivalry and Society in Medieval France by Constance Bouchard

 All three are available new and used on Amazon

Electronic Sources:

 

E-Reserve:

These should be printed out BEFORE we get to France. While this may look like a long list, many of the readings  are around 2-3 pages long.

1. Selections on the Middle Ages from World Civ Texts. available through E Reserve. Please print out these chapters and bring them with you. Please read the chapters on before the first class.

Please read these selections from the World Civ. texts  in the following order:

The Foundations of Christian Society in Western Europe,  by Bentley and Ziegler

Western Europe during the High Middle Ages

A History of Western Society, by Mackay, Hill and Butler

The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages

2. The Bourgeois Contempt for the Nobility (Renard the Fox) and The Power of Money (Ruiz)

3. The Letters of Abelard and Heloise

Floregium Urbanum:

1. http://www.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/florilegium/introduction/intro01.html

 Internet Medieval Sourcebook.

  1. The Cathedral Chapter of Chartres:  at The Riot of 1210

2. Three Disputes involving the Cathedral Chapter of Notre-Dame of Chartres, 1215-1224

3. The Life of Guibert of Nogent, book I, chapters 1-23 at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/guibert-vita.html

4. Abbot Suger, The Life of Louis the Fat -- Please copy only chapters 2, 7, 11, 15, 19, 20, 24, 27 at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/suger-louisthefat.html

5. Abbot Suger, On His Adminstration at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/sugar.html

6. Court Rolls of the Manor of Wakefield, please copy only the court proceedings for the year 1274 at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1274wakefield-courtrolls.html

7. Ademar of Chabannes: Chronicle: Discovery of the Head of John the Baptist,

8. A Miracle of St. Maximinus,

9. The Intervention of the Relics of St. Benedict at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/stben-relic-invention.html

10. Sermon Stories: Tales of Relics at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/tales-relics.html

11. The Rule of St. Benedict at 

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/rul-benedict.html

 

12. The Life of St. Goderic at

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/goderic.html

 

Assessment:

Please be aware that this is a different class experience, so some adjustments may be needed and all of the above and below is subject to change. I’ll try to be as accommodating as possible in regard to due dates, assignments and the like. But do remember you are getting three credits of coursework for this class.

Students will be assessed on the following:

Class Participation: Students are expected to come to class every day and participate. The class will be run along a seminar model, so it is vitally important that everyone come prepared and willing to discuss the course material. If you miss more than one class you will fail the course.

Participation also includes going on the various excursions in and around Paris. These sites have been chosen because they are particularly relevant to the course. Moreover, you will be asked to connect what you’ve read to what you’ve seen.

Quizzes: There will be reading quizzes if not every day, then close to it.
DO THE READING.

Presentations: All students will make two short presentations to the class. One will be on what the material culture of a particular sort of medieval person (aristocrats, peasants and clergy) suggests about their lives.  The points made in the presentation should be drawn from the material culture seen at the Musée de Cluny, as well as the other museums and sites.  Each student should decide well in advance what sort of “medieval person” he or she wants to report on. Dates for presentations: May 27, May 28, June 2, and June 4.

For the second presentation, students will select a piece of art work that they think embodies some of the major themes we’ve discussed in regard to the society, culture, politics, religion and economics of the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Presentations will take place in situ, in other words in front of the object, and students will explain why the piece of art is important. This will require doing some research on the object – like what it is (genre), who made it (if there is an artist), when it was made and what its function was. The student will present this information to the class and explain how the object reflects an important theme, dimension, development, individual or event that we’ve studied. So as you explore the various museums and monuments, keep an eye out for a piece of art that “speaks to you” about the Middle Ages! For practicality sake, please chose your object from the Louvre, the Musée Cluny, Musée Carnavalet, Notre Dame, St. Germain-des-Près, or any other site that does not require us to pay an entrance fee twice (St. Denis, Ste. Chappelle, Château de Vincennes and Chartres would not be possible candidates for your presentation).  Dates for presentation:  June 10 and June 11

Essays: There will be two short essays due during the course of the program and one synthetical essay due once we return. The short essays should be about 6 paragraphs or 2-3 pages in length and will be based on class readings, discussion and visits to the monuments. Guidelines for the writing essays are below.

Essay I: Assignment: Peasants, Lords and Ladies

Consider the lives of medieval aristocrats and medieval peasants as evident in the primary and secondary sources that we’ve read. Compare the lives and experiences of a member of the aristocracy with that of a peasant. What are some of the similarities and differences in their lives? What forces shaped or defined their lives? Topics for comparison include: their occupations, where they lived, their material culture, their relationship with the community at large, the role of family or kin in their lives and many, many more! Be sure to give examples from the Lais, Lancelot, and the manorial court rolls to support and illustrate your points.  The assignment is due Friday, May 30.

Essay II: Assignment: Cathedrals

How do the medieval cathedrals we’ve visited reflect or embody the role that the church played in medieval society? Based on what you’ve read and what you’ve seen, what role or roles did the medieval clergy and the church as an institution play in the lives of medieval people?  What can we learn about the society, belief system and mentality of medieval people from texts but also the construction and function of medieval cathedrals? The essay is due Friday, June 6. Please see the guidelines for writing your paper below.

Synthetical Essay Assignment: Cathedrals and Castles
Select ONE of the options below and write a paper in response. This assignment is due by June 22. Please email it as an attachment to me at alivingstone@wittenberg.edu Please consult the guidelines for writing papers below.

 

Option I:

 

            Our focus over the last few weeks has been to understand how cathedrals and castles reflect the history of the middle ages. Your task in the synthetical essay is to pull together all we’ve learned, read and seen about the middle ages and discuss how the castle and cathedral represent the social, political, economic, cultural and religious realities and developments of the medieval centuries. How or why should the castle and cathedral be considered the symbols of medieval society? Your essay should be typed and at least five pages in length (12 point font, ¾ inch margins presumed).

 

Option II:

 

            Be inspired by Paris and write your own story about medieval life set in the eleventh or twelfth centuries.   A good story will incorporate the materials we’ve read and places we’ve seen during our stay in Paris. Draw on the places and monuments you’ve visited. Be sure to include representatives from all walks of medieval life and to use the reading materials to give them context, character development, description and accuracy. Also include some discussion or representation of the social, economic, political, religious and cultural realities and achievements we’ve studied. Finally, please be sure that castles and cathedrals figure into your story and that you use these places to demonstrate something about medieval life or civilization. Your story should be about ten pages long (12 point font , ¾ inch margins presumed). The assignment is longer than Option I since it will be necessary to include description and dialogue, as well as analysis.

Guidelines for Writing Assignments:

            As you begin formulating your essay, be sure to develop a clear thesis statement. Your thesis should take a stand, contain an explicit argument and be stated clearly in the first paragraph of your essay. The body of the essay should then elaborate on your thesis statement with each paragraph organized around a topical sentence that develops your thesis. The conclusions should remind the reader of your thesis by summarizing it. Make sure that each paragraph contains a topic sentence and contains examples and explanation that illuminate the topic sentence and thus your thesis. Paragraphs should be at least four sentences long.

            The most successful essays are those that cite many specific examples and that include short illustrative quotations from the sources. The last name of the author and page number should follow the quote or paraphrase in parentheses, e.g. “As a result, we know about peasants and their lives indirectly – from the writings of their social superiors” (Bennett, p. 3). Be sure to use citations when quoting directly from the sources or when paraphrasing.

            Proofread your essay to avoid common grammatical or spelling errors. More than five spelling or proofreading errors will result in an ungraded paper. You will be assessed a ten percent penalty and given until the next class period to redo the paper.

            Your essays should reflect your own efforts and be about three pages in length (with the exception of the synthetical essay which should be about five pages and the creative option which should be ten pages).

It is assumed that all work submitted is your own. You will be asked to pledge your work and any violation of the honor code will incur severe penalties. Academic dishonesty of any form will not be tolerated.   

Point Distribution:

Class participation:                  100 points
Quizzes (total of 10):              100 points
Presentations                           100 points
Essays (2 @ 100 points):        200 points
Synthesis Essay                       200 points

                                                700 points Total

Grading scale:

93-100%  = A                         78-79% = C+              60-62% = D-  
90-92% = A-                           73-77% = C                Below 60% = failing grade
88-89% = B+                          70-72% = C-
83-87% = B                            68-69% = D+
80-82% =B-                             63-67% = D

Grading Criteria:  Written work will be evaluated on the student’s ability to craft a coherent and well-supported argument. Each essay should contain a thesis and factually accurate examples to support the student’s position. How these examples support the thesis should also be made clear in the essay.

This brief explanation of what makes a “A” answer, a “B” answer, etc.. is intended to demystify the grading process and make clear the course goals. These are basic and general guidelines, which can help with student understanding of course expectations.

A answer (superior): Sophisticated thesis and well developed argument. Factually correct and uses facts/examples to support and illuminate ideas. Moreover, the answer demonstrates how the examples support the general thesis. Coherent and well written. Demonstrates excellence in understanding of the course material and communicates ideas clearly.

B answer (above average): Solid thesis. Argument is well organized and coherent, but some points may lack development or specific examples. Demonstrates command of factual material, but not as sophisticated as an “A” answer. May have a somewhat weaker command of writing skills.

C answer (average): Weak thesis. Argument in under-developed or lacks examples. Tendency to narrate as opposed to arguing a specific point. Not as strong in terms of writing or analytical skills. Weaker command of course material.

D answer (below average): No thesis or argument. Tendency to regurgitate facts as opposed to making an argument.  Lack of specific examples or demonstration of understanding of the course material. Serious factual confusion or errors. Poor command of the written word. Lack of clarity or organization.

Fail (unacceptable): No thesis or argument. Narrates rather than crafting an argument. Lack organization and coherence. Fatal errors concerning understanding of course material. Inability to relay ideas clearly or I n a well-organized or coherent fashion. Poor writing and analytical skills.

Course Calendar and Assignments

(maybe subject to change due to dates for excursions)

Week One


Class 1:  Tuesday, May 20            

Introduction to the Middle Ages


Please have the chapters from the World Civ. texts read by this class: All on E Reserve

The Foundations of Christian Society in Western Europe,  by Bentley and Ziegler

Western Europe during the High Middle Ages

A History of Western Society, by Mackay, Hill and Butler

The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages

Excursion to the Archeological Crypt:

As you visit the archeological display, consider how Paris developed as a city.

1.      What sorts of places or services were included in the city? What were the major monuments? What do these monuments indicate about the society that produced them?

2.      What did Paris look like during the middle ages? Recall the descriptions in Newman’s novel.

3.       How did Paris and its monuments change over time? Why?

Notre Dame Cathedral:

 

  1. Imagine medieval Paris. Recall the models and maps you saw of medieval Paris in the archeological crypt. What position did the cathedral have in the city? Why?
  2. How is the church laid out? Why? 
  3. How is the church decorated? What is it decorated with? Why? Be sure to consider both the interior and the exterior

 

Class 2: Wed,  May 21                         

The Middle Ages in The Devil’s Door and World Civ Texts

Come prepared to discuss what you saw at Notre Dame and the Archeological crypt

Questions for the text:

1.      What are the main chronological periods of the middle ages?

2.      What are some of the key differences or changes that define each portion of the Middle Ages?

3.      What were some of the major historical developments or personalities?

Questions for the Novel:

1.      How was Catherine’s society organized? What were the various classes? Occupations?
Where did people live? Who lived where?

2.      What sorts of economic activities did people pursue? How would you describe the economy?

3.      Who had power? What is the basis of their power?

Class 3: Thurs., May 22                    

Castle and Cathedral in the Middle Ages


The Devil's Door

Start  Strong of Body, Brave and Noble, chapter 1

Questions:

1. What was the role of the church? What role did religion play in medieval society?
2. What were some of the cultural expressions of the time? Consider art, literature, philosophy, education, etc.
3. How is this society changing? What is changing? What are some of the tensions in the society?
4. What are people uneasy about? How is culture affected by change and tensions?
5. What was the function of a medieval castle? Consider The Devil’s Door.  What sorts of things did people do in castles? What sorts of events took place in a castle?

Assignment for Excursion to the Musée Cluny: Recovering the Middle Ages

Use the artifacts at the Musée Cluny to consider what you can reconstruct about medieval life from its material culture. Consider also what you’ve read in the World Civ. Text and The Devil’s Door. What can you learn about social structure, economic organization, political structures, and religious beliefs from these artifacts? Can you make deductions about what life was like for certain people, for example peasants, women, children, monks? What assertions can you make about medieval civilization based on what is left of it?

Pick a medieval person (Lords/ Ladies; Monks/Nuns/Priests/Bishops; Male/Female Peasant; Male/Female Merchant or Urban Dweller) and reconstruct what their lives would have been like. What function did they play in medieval society? How did they live? Students will prepare an oral presentation discussing their “medieval person” You can use supplement what you determine about medieval culture with readings from the course texts.

Class 4: Friday, May 23: 

The Medieval Aristocracy

 

Strong of Body, Brave and Noble, chapters 1 and 2

 

Questions:

 

1. What role or function did lords and ladies fulfill in The Devil’s Door? What was the function of the medieval aristocracy? What did they do? Why?

2. What was the basis for the power of the medieval aristocracy? What kinds of power did aristocrats have? Give some examples from the novel.

3. What was the relationship between the lords and the peasants? The king?

4. What relationships defined or shaped the medieval aristocracy? How as the aristocracy organized?

 5. Why did people build castles? Who built them? What does this suggest about politics and power in the middle ages?
6. Who lived in castles? What were the various duties and functions of lords? What was “feudalism”? How do castles reflect the feudal system?

Excursion to Musée Carnavalet:

Examine the material culture of the peasantry and medieval aristocracy. What artifacts remain from each class? What do these artifacts suggest about the lives of these people or their place/function/role in medieval society?

How does the material remains of the elites and workers of society change over time? Why? What might this suggest about how society itself is changing?

           

Week Two:

 

Class 5:  Monday, May 26

Ladies and Lords: Life in a Medieval Castle


Strong of Body, Brave and Noble, Chapter 3

Read Guigemar and Le Fresne in Lais of Marie de France

Questions:

1.      What role did family play in the lives of medieval aristocrats? How would you describe aristocratic family relations?

2.      What role did women play in the running of the castle or in aristocratic life?

3.      Who lived in a castle? Who depended upon the castle?

4.      Compare and contrast the information in Strong of Body, Brave and Noble with the stories told by Marie de France? What sorts of roles do women play in the lais? What relationships were important to them? What sort of power did they have? What was the source of their power?

5.      Compare what you’ve read in these sources with Newman’s depiction of medieval life in The Devil’s Door. How did Newman portray medieval aristocratic women? How well is her interpretation supported by the sources?

6.      What was the relationship between the castle and the village?

Excursion to St. Germain des Prés:

 

The church of St. Germain-des-Prés is all that remains of a very powerful and wealthy monastery that lay outside of the city walls of medieval Paris. The monastery was quite ancient and endowed by the Carolingians.

 

Compare and contrast the church of St. Germain-des-Prés with the cathedral of Notre Dame. How are the two building similar? How are they different? How is the church of St. Germain decorated? How would you describe this structure?

 

How would you account for the differences between this church and the cathedral of Notre Dame?

 

 

Class 6: Tuesday, May 27

Medieval Warriors

 

Strong in Body, Brave and Noble, Chapter 4
Lancelot
 Presentations on Recovering Medieval Aristocratic Life

Questions:

1.      What does the term “chivalry” connote? What role did chivalry play in the life of the medieval knight?

2.      What does the existence of knights and lords suggest about the political structure of medieval Europe?  What was their relationship with the king?

3.      Contrast the “historical” view of chivalry with that of the literary depictions. What were the “ideals” of chivalry? What was the reality?

4.      Consider the experience of Yvain. What were some of the challenges confronting medieval knights? What was his relationship like with women? What role did his wife play?

5.      What were the values and ethos that medieval knights and their ladies thought were important? How did such values shape their society or lives? What impact did they have on culture and religion?

Excursion to St. Denis:

Please read Abbot Suger, On His Adminstration at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/sugar.html
before the excursion

As you walk about the cathedral, think about what Abbot Suger wrote in his memoir. What role does light play in the interior of the church? What affect does the light have?  What purpose might it serve?

The cathedral at St. Denis is the mausoleum for the French kings. Examine the tombs of the French kings.  How were the kings portrayed? How can you tell it is a royal tomb? What symbolized royal power? Be sure to look in particular for the tombs of those kings associated with the period of our course, eg.  From 900 to 1300. How do royal tombs change over time? Why? What might this suggest?

 

Class 7: Wednesday, May 28

Peasants and Lords


A Medieval Life,
Chapters 1-4
Presentations on Recovering Medieval Peasant Life

Questions:

1.      How did Newman portray the relationship between lord and peasant in The Devil’s Door? What role did peasants play in the novel? How did she depict peasants?

2.      What function did peasants serve in medieval society?

3.      What was the relationship between peasants and lords? Was Cecelia’s experience usual for most peasants?

4.      What constituted Cecelia’s world? What were the important people and places in her life?

5.      What role did the church play in the lives of peasants? What were some of peasants’ religious beliefs? What does this suggest about the church and medieval society?

6.      How are peasants portrayed in The Lais of Marie de France and Yvain?  What does this suggest about medieval society’s attitudes about peasants?

Excursion to the Louvre:

As you walk through the rooms associated with the medieval period, what do you see? What kind of art was produced? What are the themes or subjects of this art? What might this suggest about the middle ages?

What can you determine about connections between the art of the medieval period and the art of the Romans or the Renaissance? What differences and similarities of style do you see among Roman, Medieval and Renaissance/Early Modern Art?

As you tour the Louvre, how are peasants portrayed throughout the ages? Would medieval peasants be familiar or comfortable with the world of peasants of later centuries or of a different culture? What changed or was different? What remained the same?

Class 8: Thurs,  May 29       

All Day Excursion to Chartres
Please read the following sources before the trip
The Cathedral Chapter of Chartres:  at The Riot of 1210
Three Disputes involving the Cathedral Chapter of Notre-Dame of Chartres, 1215-1224

Questions: 

1.      How does Chartres cathedral compare with St. Denis, Notre Dame and St. Germain-des-Prés? What are some of the similarities and differences?

2.      Where is the cathedral placed in the town? What might this suggest about the role of the church in the urban center? How might it explain tensions between the cathedral chapter and the town?

Class 9: Friday, May 30

Peasant Life

 

Essay I Due


A Medieval Life,
Chapters 6 and 7

Court Rolls of the Manor of Wakefield for 1274            http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1274wakefield-courtrolls.html

Questions:

1.      What role did kin play in Cecelia’s life? Which relatives played the most important roles her life?

2.      What is an “economy of makeshifts”? What does it suggest about peasant life?

3.      In what ways were economic activity and kinship intertwined?

4.      What does the peasant economy suggest or illustrate about the medieval economy in general?

5.      Consider the court rolls. What sort of information can you extract about peasant life from them? What are the strengths and limitations of these court rolls as a source for peasant life?

6.      What do you think of Bennett’s use of these sources? How well was she able to reconstruct medieval peasant life?

Week Three

Class 10:  Monday, June 2               

Peasants and Urban Dwellers

 

Presentations on Urban Dwellers

A Medieval Life,  Chapters 8, 9, 10
Life in Medieval London http://www.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/florilegium/introduction/intro01.html

 

E Reserve: The Bourgeois Contempt for the Nobility (Renard the Fox) and The Power of Money (Ruiz)

Questions:

1.      What role did the community play in Cecelia’s life? In the lives of medieval peasant general? How does this compare with the medieval aristocracy?

2.      Was Cecelia’s experience as a woman common? How did her life compare with those of her sisters or peers? What was similar? Different? What part did differences in gender play in the lives of medieval peasants?

3.      Evaluate Bennett’s interpretation of peasant life. What are its strengths? What are its weaknesses? How would you compare Newman’s depiction of peasants with that of Bennett? Would Bennett approve of the way Newman portray medieval peasants?

4.      How did life as a merchant differ from that of a peasant or lord? What was urban life like? Consider Newman’s novel and the description of medieval London in the Western Civ. Text..

5.      What tensions existed about medieval merchants? How did lords and peasants view them?

Excursion to Château de Vincennes:

In preparation for the excursion, please review pp. 15-23 in Strong of Body, Brave and Noble.  

How was this château organized? What sort of spaces were included in its plan? Why?

What does this castle suggest about royal power? How would lords, peasants, merchants and monks respond to it?

Why would possession of castles be so important to kings and lords?

How does the castle compare and contrast with the cathedral?

Class 11: Tuesday, June 3

Kings and Castles


Abbot Suger, chapters 2, 7, 15, 19, 20, 24 of  The Life of King Louis the Fat at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/suger-louisthefat.html

Questions:

1.      What role did kings play in Newman’s novel? What does this suggest about royal power?

2.      How would you evaluate the power of kings in the time of Louis VI the Fat?

3.      How did Louis assert royal power? Who were his allies? Who were his enemies?

4.      What role did castles play in the conflict between king and noble? What does this suggest about the role of the castle and the power of the nobility?

5.      Why did Louis want to capture these castles? How does Suger justify Louis’s actions?

6.      Consider the royal tombs at St. Denis. How were they expressions of royal power? What does St. Denis suggest about the intersection between the church and the monarchy?

Excursion to Ste. Chapelle:

How does the chapel of Ste. Chapelle compare with the other gothic churches we’ve seen? What are some of the similarities and differences?
What does the chapel suggest about royal power? What was the purpose of the chapel? Why did Louis IX have it built? What does this suggest about the intersections between the church and the king?

Class 12:  Wednesday, June 4

The Medieval Church: Monks

Presentations on Medieval Clergy

 

Strong of Body, Brave and Noble,  Chapter 5

A Medieval Life,  Chapter 3???

The Rule of St. Benedict  at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/rul-benedict.html

The Life of Guibert of Nogent, book I, chapters 1-23 at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/guibert-vita.html

Questions:

1.      What role did the church play in medieval society in The Devil’s Door?  What sort of functions or activities did members of the clergy undertake?

2.      What is a monk? What is their purpose in the church? In medieval society?  What did Guibert spend his time doing?

3.      What was Guibert’s life experience? Who was he? What was his social status? Who were the people who were important in his life?

4.      What insight does Guibert’s life provide into the life of the aristocracy? How does his family life compare with what we read in Yvain, the Lais of Marie de France, and Strong of Body, Brave and Noble?

Excursion to the Louvre:

As you look at the art of the modern period, how are the middle ages or what remains of the medieval world portrayed? What might this suggest about how later societies viewed this period and its people?

As you tour the museum, how are peasants portrayed throughout the ages? Would medieval peasants be familiar or comfortable with the world of peasants of later centuries as depicted by Van Gogh or Courbert? What changed or was different? What remained the same?

How does art reflect the historical period that produced it? What can you learn about a society by viewing its art? What can you discern about the way people thought, what they feared, what they liked, how they saw the world?

Class 13: Thursday, June 5:

The Lives of the Medieval Clergy

 

Review Guibert’s Memoirs

Abbot Suger, On His Adminstration at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/sugar.html
Letters of  Abelard and Heloise on E Reserve

 

Questions:

 

1.      How does Guibert’s life as a monk compare with that of Abbot Suger? Abbess Heloise?  What did Suger spend his time doing? How was Heloise’s experience as a female monastic different from those of Guibert and Suger? How would her life have been similar?  

2.      What were some of Guibert’s beliefs? How did he view the world?  What role did he see God or the supernatural playing in the world?  What were some of his fears? Concerns? How do they compare with what we’ve read (and seen) about other medieval people, like nobles and peasants?

3.      Did Guibert mention any problems concerning the church or his fellow monks? What might this suggest ?

Excursion to the Louvre:

 

As you walk around the Louvre, what role does religion play in art? What themes did artists chose to portray and how did what they chose to portray change over time? How might these changes reflect changes in religion or the role that church played in society?

 

How are the clergy portrayed in art? Do you detect any criticisms or tensions about the role of the clergy in the art?

 

Class 14:  Friday, June 6      

Saints, Miracles, Pilgrimage and Cathedral

 

Essay II due

 

Ademar of Chabannes: Chronicle: Discovery of the Head of John the Baptist
The Intervention of the Relics of St. Benedict at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/stben-relic-invention.html
A Miracle of St. Maximinus
Sermon Stories: Tales of Relics at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/tales-relics.html

Questions:

1.      What were relics? What role did they play in medieval Christianity?

2.      Why were relics important to medieval people? Why were they important to the monks and the medieval church? What role did relics play in The Devil’s Door?  

3.      How are relics related to cathedrals and churches? Where were relics housed? What impact might this have had on architectural design? Remember Suger’s comments about the decoration and organization of the cathedral of St. Denis.

4.      What insight do relics and pilgrimage provide into the mentality of medieval people?

Week Four

Class 15: Monday, June 9    

Cathedrals  and Cities

 

Please review the following sources:

The Cathedral Chapter of Chartres:  at The Riot of 1210
Three Disputes involving the Cathedral Chapter of Notre-Dame of Chartres, 1215-1224
Abbot Suger, On His Adminstration at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/sugar.html

Please read the following sources

Abbot Suger, chapters 11 and 27 of  The Life of King Louis the Fat at
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/suger-louisthefat.html

The Life of St. Goderic at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/goderic.html

Description of Urban live at: http://www.trytel.com/~tristan/towns/florilegium/introduction/intro01.html

Questions:

1.      What tensions were evident in medieval society as depicted in The Devil’s Door? Were there any tensions or problems between different ecclesiastical communities? Why?

2.      What insight does The Devil’s Door give into life in a medieval city? What was urban life like? How did it compare with life in a castle or the countryside? 

3.      How does the life of Guibert compare with the Cathedral chapter at Chartres? How does his life compare with that of Abbot Suger?

4.      Why was there a riot in 1210? What does this suggest about the role of the church in medieval secular society? Why might tensions develop?

5.      Why was the cathedral at Notre Dame of Chartres involved in disputes?  With whom were they in disagreement? Why?  Why is this significant?

6.      What did Abbot Suger spend much of his time doing? What were his concerns? What was his relationship with the secular world?

7.      How do the real life experiences compare with that of Abbess Heloise as portrayed in the novel, The Devil’s Door?

Excursion to the Musée d’Orsay:

As you look at the art of the modern period, how are the middle ages or what remains of the medieval world portrayed? What might this suggest about how later societies viewed this period and its people?

As you tour the museum, how are peasants portrayed throughout the ages? Would medieval peasants be familiar or comfortable with the world of peasants of later centuries as depicted by Van Gogh or Courbert? What changed or was different? What remained the same?

How does art reflect the historical period that produced it? What can you learn about a society by viewing its art? What can you discern about the way people thought, what they feared, what they liked, how they saw the world?

Class 16: Tuesday, June 10

Presentations:  

 

Class 17: Wednesday, June 11

Cathedrals and Castles: Closure and Presentations

Questions:

1.      How well or accurately did Sharan Newman capture medieval society?

2.      How do cathedrals and castles reflect the historical realities of the medieval period? The lives of individuals?

3.      What do the amazing accomplishments of cathedrals and castles tell us about the middle ages?

 

Thursday, June 12: Free Day in Paris

 

Friday, June 13: Depart Paris for Dayton

 

Sunday, June 22 Synthetical essay due. Email to Dr. Livingstone