DEFINITIONS   YOU   NEED   TO   KNOW   FOR   MATH   365

 

 

A relation is reflexive

A relation is symmetric

A relation is transitive

An equivalence relation

 

Two integers are congruent modulo n  (use the definition in exercise 0.36)

 

The set of complex numbers

The absolute value of a complex number

The conjugate of a complex number

The nth roots of unity

 

Q*, R*, C*, Z+, Q+, R+

U, Un,  Zn

Mmxn(R),  Mn(R),  GL(n,R)

V (the Klein 4-group)

 

A binary operation on a set

A subset is closed under a binary operation

The induced operation on a subset

A binary operation is associative

A binary operation is commutative

A binary algebraic structure

Isomorphic binary structures  (includes the definition of isomorphism)

A structural property of a binary structure

An identity element in a binary structure

The inverse of an element in a binary structure with identity

 

A group

An abelian group

the order of a group

a subgroup

proper, improper, trivial, and non-trivial subgroups

the cyclic subgroup generated by an element

a cyclic group

a generator of a group

the order of an element

 

a permutation

Sn,  Dn,  An

the identity permutation

the orbit of an element under a permutation   (use the def. on page 84)

the orbits of a permutation

a cycle

the length of a cycle

a transposition

disjoint cycles

even and odd permutations

 

left cosets,  right cosets

the index of a subgroup in a group

a normal subgroup

a group homomorphism

the kernel of a homomorphism

 

a ring

a commutative ring

a ring with unity

a field