Wittenberg University

Academic Catalog

General Education provides the foundation of liberal learning upon which Wittenberg realizes its primary purpose, as emphasized in its mission statement, of imparting knowledge, inspiring inquiry, and encouraging independent thought. General education informs the more specialized study of the major and the minor and provides the basis for both lifelong learning and participation in Wittenberg’s learning community. In addition, the Wittenberg student has the opportunity to develop, assess, and clarify spiritual beliefs and ethical values, gain an appreciation of human diversity, and define the role of the educated citizen in the world community and in the individual’s particular society.

By achieving the specific goals of general education, a student acquires a basis for understanding varied domains of knowledge and experience and for appreciating the power and limitations of the ways of knowing that characterize each domain. A student develops the analytic and expressive skills necessary to engage creatively in exchanging ideas and assimilating information and gains an awareness of the interconnectedness of academic disciplines and the relation between various areas of inquiry and specialized courses of study.

The university offers a variety of courses especially designed to ensure that a student has sufficient opportunity to develop these skills and achieve these understandings. A minimum number of these courses, distributed with reference to learning goals, is required for a bachelor’s degree. Courses that may be applied to the general education learning goals have been designated with an appropriate letter code in the course number. A list of approved general education courses (as of the publication date of the catalog) is printed following the appropriate general education learning goal description. This list is subject to change and a current list of these courses is available in the Registrar’s Office. There are also a number of topics courses offered each semester by various departments, which have been approved to meet a general education learning goal. Students should consult the current Master Schedule of Classes published each semester by the Registrar’s Office for a list of these topics courses or visit the website's open course listing.

While some courses may be designated to meet two different learning goals, students may use such courses to fulfill only ONE of these designations, NOT both. The only exceptions to this policy are writing-intensive and mathmatical-reasoning courses, which may be used to meet other general education learning goals.

To complement and support this academic program, the university provides a wide range of co-curricular activities and events that address particular components of Wittenberg’s mission. These include lectures, performances, religious events, counseling, athletics, and recreational activities.

The general education learning goals and requirements are divided into three groups: Foundations, Arts and Sciences, and Co-Curricular Activities.

Foundations

This category contains those goals and requirements that provide an essential foundation for successful college study. They include writing, mathematics, languages, speaking, research, and computing.

Writing

The student should achieve a level of competence in writing that provides the necessary foundation for subsequent college work and further learning and should also strengthen writing with continued practice.
Requirements:

1. Demonstrate competence in writing. Competence may be demonstrated in two ways: (1) by completing English 101E during the first two semesters, with a minimum grade of C- or S or by transferring in a comparable course from an accredited institution; (2) by earning a score of 4 or higher on the Advanced Placement Exam in English Language and Composition or by scoring a 740 or higher on the SAT II Writing Test.
2. Demonstrate continuing proficiency in writing: All students are required to earn a grade of “S” for their writing proficiency in seven courses designated as “writing intensive,” at least two of which must be taken as part of the student’s major. Failure to demonstrate such proficiency will result in no credit for writing proficiency in that course. A student may earn graduation credit for the course even if the grade for writing proficiency is NC, but the student may not graduate until an S has been earned in seven writing-intensive courses.

Mathematics

The student should achieve a level of competence in mathematics that provides the necessary foundation for subsequent college learning and should also strengthen problem-solving and reasoning skills through continued use.
Requirements:

1. Demonstrate competence in mathematics. Competence may be demonstrated by completing one course (four semester hours) during the first three semesters in mathematics, statistics, or computer science that meets the foundational mathematics goal with a minimum grade of C- or S; or by earning a sufficiently high score on an examination administered on campus by the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science. Quantitative courses are designated with a “Q” in the course number.
2. Complete one additional mathematical-reasoning-intensive course. Mathematical-reasoning-intensive courses may be used to meet other general education learning goals. Mathematical-reasoning courses are designated with a “M” or “Z” in the section number throughout the Master Schedule of Classes published each semester by the Registrar’s Office.

Foreign Language

The student should achieve the degree of competence in a foreign language necessary to encounter another culture on its own terms and to enhance understanding of the structure of the language itself.

Requirement: Demonstrate competence in a foreign language. Competence may be demonstrated by completing a foreign language 112 course at Wittenberg and earning a minimum grade of C- or S, or by earning a sufficiently high score on an examination administered on campus by the Foreign Languages and Literatures Department. Competence in a language that is taught at Wittenberg, but which the student studied at another institution, can be demonstrated only by taking Wittenberg’s on-campus competency examination. (Competency examinations are offered only twice each year; the student should contact the Foreign Languages and Literatures Department for information about scheduling.) The student who wishes to demonstrate competence in a language not taught at Wittenberg must consult with the Chair of the Foreign Languages and Literatures Department and arrange to demonstrate competence by achieving a predetermined score on a standardized examination or through another means of evaluation acceptable to the Chair.

Courses are designated with “F” in the course number.
CHIN 112F Elementary Chinese II
FREN 112F Intermediate French
GERM 112F Intermediate German
GREE 112F Intermediate Classical Greek
JAPN 112F Beginning Japanese II
LATN 112F Intermediate Latin
RUSS 112F Elementary Russian II
SPAN 112F Beginning Spanish II

SPAN 150F Intermediate Spanish

Speaking

The student should be able to speak effectively within and before groups.

Requirement:
No specific course is required. The student meets this goal through some general education courses and through the major.

Research

The student should be able to use the library to acquire information and to explore ideas and should understand the role of technology in the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information.

Requirement:
No specific course is required. The student meets this goal through some general education courses and through the major.

Computing

The student should be able to use a computer to help perform a variety of learning activities and should understand the power and limits of computing.

Requirement:
No specific course is required. The student meets this goal through some general education courses and through the major.

Arts and Sciences

This category moves beyond foundations toward an understanding of how different academic disciplines contribute to our growing body of knowledge.

Students are required to complete courses from five areas of learning that are defined by their methods or approaches: The Natural World; Social Institutions, Processes, and Behavior; Fine, Performing, and Literary Arts; Religious and Philosophical Inquiry; and Western Historical Perspectives. Most students take eight courses of four or five semester hours each to meet these requirements. In doing so, students must choose courses from eight different departments. In instances in which students take course work in more than two departments to fulfill an eight-semester-hour requirement (as is possible in the Arts), they must take courses from six other departments for the remaining six courses.

Students are required to complete one course from a sixth area of learning, Non-Western Cultures, which is defined by subject matter rather than by method or approach.

In addition, the Arts and Sciences requirements introduce students to the diversity of human experience and to the inter- and transdisciplinary nature of knowledge. These learning goals transcend the disciplinary and methodological limits of the areas and subject matters in this category.

The Diversity of Human Experience

Students should gain an appreciation for and understanding of the role of human diversity in contemporary culture.

Requirement:
No specific course is required. Students meet this goal through the Arts and Sciences courses and through the majors.

Integrated Learning

Students should gain an understanding of connections between differing modes of inquiry, experience learning as a shared enterprise, and see the relationship between the world of learning and their lives.

Requirement:
A Wittenberg Seminar during the first semester for all entering students.. Note: Transfer students do not take a Wittenberg Seminar, but must complete another approved Integrated Learning course. Integrated Learning courses for transfer students are designated with an “L” in the course number.

The Natural World

Students should gain an understanding of the natural world through scientific inquiry and see the relations among science, technology and contemporary culture.

Requirement:
At least eight semester hours in courses that meet the Natural World goal, one of which must include laboratory experience. Non-laboratory courses are designated with a “N” in the course number.
BIOL 110N Survey of Biology
BIOL 111N DNA, Cloning, Genetic Engineering: Fact or Fiction
BIOL 120N Human Health and Pathology
BIOL 121N Physiological Biology
BIOL 122N Genetics and Disease
BIOL 131N Woody Plants of the Natural and Urban Environments
BIOL 140N Understanding Organic Evolution
BIOL 141N Introduction to Marine Biology
BIOL 142N Ecological Biology and Environmental Issues
BIOL 143N Cave Ecology
BIOL 210N Ornithology
BIOL 212N Health Psychology
BIOL 219N Pharmacology
BIOL 230N Survey of Human Disease
CHEM 100N Chemistry & Society
GEOG 220N Physical Geography
GEOL 290N Hazard Mitigation: Volcanoes & Earthquakes
HFS 210N Your Body: Your Health & Fitness
PHYS 100N Concepts in Physics
PHYS 107N Astronomy
PSYC 110N Proseminar I-Physiological
THDN 215N Dance Kinesiology

Laboratory courses are designated with a “B” in the course number.
BIOL 123B How Animals Work

BIOL 130B The Botanical World

BIOL 170B Concepts of Biology I

BIOL 180B Concepts of Biology II

BIOL 204B Morphology of Nonvascular Plants
BIOL 205B Morphology of Vascular Plants
BIOL 206B Plant Systematics
BIOL 209B Developmental Biology
BIOL 211B Microbiology
BIOL 213B Mammalian Ecology
BIOL 216B Comparative Communities
BIOL 220B Neurobiology
BIOL 222B Entomology

BIOL 231B Vertebrate Zoology

BIOL 258B Field Study: Cave Ecology
BIOL 306B Ecology
BIOL 313B Limnology
CHEM 121B Models of Chemical Systems
CHEM 162B Chemical Structure & Analysis
ENVS 101B Assessing Human Impacts on Environment
GEOG 222B Weather & Climate
GEOL 110B Introduction to Geology

GEOL 111B Volcanoes and Earthquakes

GEOL 112B The Hydrologic Cycle

GEOL 113B Ohio Geology

GEOL 114B Geology of the National Parks

GEOL 115B Topics in Physical Geology
GEOL 150B Physical Geology
PHYS 200B Mechanics & Waves
PSYC 120B Proseminar II-Learning
PSYC 311B Behavioral Neuroscience
PSYC 321B Learning, Memory & Cognition
PSYC 341B Psychological Testing
PSYC 361B Experimental Social Psychology
THDN 215 Dance Kinesiology

Social Institutions, Processes and Behavior

Students should achieve, through empirical and analytic methods, an understanding of human behavior, relationships and institutions.

Requirement:
Eight semester hours in courses that meet the Social Institutions, Processes and Behavior goal.

Courses are designated with a “S” in the course number.
COMM 290S Media Literacy
ECON 190S Principles of Economics
EDUC 103S Sociological Perspectives in Education
GEOG 101S Cultural Geography
GEOG 120S Human Ecology
GEOG 230S Urban Geography
GEOG 240S Economic Geography
GEOG 250S Regional Geography: The Geography of the Post- Soviet Realm
GEOG 292S Population Geography
HFS 230S Contemporary Issues in Sport Sociology/Psychology
MGT 260S Organizational Behavior
MGT 360S Human Resource Management
POLI 101S American National Government
POLI 102S Intro. to Comparative Politics

POLI 206S Latin American Politics
POLI 210S East Asian Politics
POLI 221S State & Local Government
POLI 222S Urban Politics
POLI 232S Public Opinion
POLI 234S Black Politics
POLI 236S Media & Politics
POLI 251S International Relations
POLI 252S International Organizations
PSYC 100S Understanding Psychology
PSYC 130S Proseminar III-Developmental
PSYC 140S Proseminar IV-Differential
PSYC 150S Proseminar V-Abnormal
PSYC 160S Proseminar VI-Social
PSYC 190S Psychology of Women
RELI 171S Urban Life & Social Ethics
RELI 172S Poverty & Social Ethics
SOCI 101S Introduction to Sociology
SOCI 110S Cultural Anthropology
SOCI 210S Sociology of the Family
SOCI 211S Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Kinship
SOCI 230S Welfare & Human Services
SOCI 245S Gender & Society
SOCI 246S Women & Family in East Asia
SOCI 250S Sociology of Deviance
SOCI 270S Sociology of Minority Groups

SOCI 274S Contemporary Korean Society
SOCI 275S Contemporary Japanese Society
SOCI 290S Social Change
SOCI 292S Population Problems
SOCI 296S Urban Sociology
SOCI 310S Culture, Health & Sickness
SOCI 330S Social Stratification
SOCI 376S Law & Society
URBN 171S Introduction to the City

Fine, Performing, and Literary Arts

Students should gain an understanding of aesthetic experience and of how the arts enrich and express the human spirit.

Requirement:
Eight semester hours in the creation, study, or performance of dance, literature, music, theatre, and/or the visual arts.

Courses are designated with an “A” in the course number.
ART 101A Studio Foundations: Two-Dimensional Design
ART 121A Basic Drawing
ART 131A Introduction to Painting
ART 151A Introduction to Printmaking
ART 241A Introduction to Photography
ART 245A Computer Imaging I
ART 251A Printmaking I
ART 261A Sculpture I
ART 265A Silver Jewelry
ART 285A Handbuilt Ceramics
ART 292A Ceramics I
ENGL 180A Themes & Traditions in Literature
ENGL 190A Topics in Non-Western Culture
ENGL 280A British Survey I
ENGL 290A American Survey I
ENGL 318A Women in Literature I
ENGL 319A Women in Literature II
ENGL 331A Shakespeare
FREN 140A Themes of Francophone Literature
FREN 301A Survey of Literature I
FREN 302A Survey of Literature II
GERM 140A Traditions in German Literature
GERM 275A Germans & Jews: Culture, Identity & Difference
GERM 301A Aufklaerung, Klassik, Romantik
GERM 302A Von heute bis zum Vormaerz
JAPN 150A Survey of Japanese Literature
JAPN 250A Japanese Literature & Aesthetics
MUSI 100A Fundamentals of Music Studio
MUSI 101A Elementary Music Theory
MUSI 102A Basic Music Theory and Skills
MUSI 110A Understanding Music
MUSI 113A Jazz Styles
MUSI 173A Handbell Choir
MUSI 177A Chamber Orchestra
MUSI 179A Symphonic Band
MUSI 203A The Beatles and Their Predecessors: Musical Style & Social Context
MUSI 205A Women in Music
MUSI 208A 20th Century American Music
MUSI 209A Bach & Handel
MUSI 216A Musics of the World
MUSI 217A Aesthetics & Psychology of Music
MUSI 303A History of Western Music from 1900
POLI 218A Ideology and Film
RUSS 260A 19th Century Russian Literature
RUSS 261A 20th Century Russian Literature
SPAN 130A Hispanic Literature
SPAN 301A Introduction to Hispanic Literature I
SPAN 302A Introduction to Hispanic Literature II
THDN 101A Theatre Production
THDN 102A Dance Production
THDN 112A Dance in Popular Culture
THDN 120A Art of the Theatre
THDN 211A Dance Composition
THDN 222A Acting
THDN 226A Improvisation
THDN 230A Stagecraft
THDN 240A Playwriting
THDN 250A Child Drama
THDN 270A Contemporary American Drama

Religious and Philosophical Inquiry

Students should gain an understanding of how central questions about reality, knowledge and value are pursued in religious and/or philosophical traditions.

Requirement:
Four semester hours in religion or philosophy course work that satisfy the goal.

Courses are designated with an “R” in the course number.
EDUC 104R Philosophical Perspectives in Education
FREN 390R Modern Critical Thought
GERM 390R Modern Critical Thought
PHIL 103R Introduction to Ethics

PHIL 104R Knowledge and Social Change
PHIL 110R Logic and Critical Reasoning

PHIL 204R Philosophy of Women's Lives
POLI 211R Justice, Power and the Self: Readings in Ancient and Medieval Political Philosophy
POLI 212R Human Nature and Modern Political Theory
RELI 110R Anti-Semitism: Antiquity-Present
RELI 121R The Art of Biblical Literature
RELI 134R Chinese & Japanese Religious Traditions
RELI 137R Jewish Tradition
RELI 177R Religious Perspectives on Contemporary Moral Issues
RELI 221R Understanding the Old Testament
RELI 222R Understanding the New Testament
RELI 237R Judaism & Christianity: The Formative Years
RELI 241R Christian Tradition
RELI 324R Apocalyptic Vision in Ancient & Modern Literature
RELI 333R Buddhist Thought and Scriptures
RELI 335R The Confucian Tradition & Its Critics
RELI 336R Religious Daoism and Chinese Popular Religion
RELI 337R Judaism in the Modern World
RELI 342R Comparative Religious Ethics
RELI 343R Process Theology
RELI 374R Advanced Social Ethics: Sexism
RELI 375R Advanced Social Ethics: Racism
RELI 378R Bioethics
RELI 381R Women & Religion
SOCI 277R Islam and Islamic Societies
SOCI 340R Sociology of Religion
SPAN 390R Modern Critical Thought

Western Historical Perspectives

Students should gain an understanding of the histories of the peoples and cultures of Europe and/or of the post-Columbian Americas.

Requirements:
Four semester hours of coursework that satisfy the goal.

Courses are designated with a “H” in the course number.
AMST 100H Introduction to American Studies
ART 110H History of Art I
ART 120H History of Art II
ART 220H Renaissance Art
ART 240H Early Christian & Byzantine Art
ART 243H Western Medieval Art
ART 275H Greek and Roman Art
ART 350H Modern Art
HFS 245H History of Women in Sport
HIST 105H The Pre-Modern World
HIST 106H The Modern World
HIST 111H Medieval Civilization
HIST 112H Modern Western Civilization
HIST 135H Latin American Civilizations
HIST 215H German History
HIST 221H United States History I
HIST 222H United States History II
HIST 230H African-American History
HIST 241H England from King Arthur to Elizabeth I
HIST 242H Modern Britain
MUSI 207H American Music 1620-1900
MUSI 210H The Symphony
MUSI 301H History of Western Music to 1750
MUSI 302H History of Western Music, 1750-1900
POLI 204H Russian Politics
RELI 176H Racism & Social Ethics
RELI 275H Germans & Jews: Culture, Identity & Differences
SPAN 350H Spanish Peninsular Civilization
SPAN 351H Latin American Culture
THDN 213H Dance in the 20th Century
THDN 260H History of European Theatre

Non-Western Cultures

Students should gain an understanding of the diversity of non- Western cultures through a study of the history, institutions, or traditions of one or more of these cultures.

Requirement:
Four semester hours devoted to the study of a culture or cultures outside the Western tradition.

Courses are designated with a “C” in the course number.
AFRI 201C Introduction to Africana Studies
CHIN 150C Introductory Survey of Chinese Literature
EAST 100C Introduction to East Asia: Continuity & Change
ECON 220C Economics of Developing Areas
ENGL 190C Topics in Non-Western Culture
GEOG 250C Regional Geography
HIST 105C The Pre-Modern World
HIST 106C The Modern World
HIST 161C Pre-modern East Asia
HIST 162C Modern East Asia
HIST 171C African Societies to 1500
HIST 172C African Societies Since 1500
HIST 251C The History of Russia to 1917
HIST 252C The History of Russia Since 1917
HIST 263C Age of the Samurai
HIST 361C East Asia & the West
HIST 362C Japan since 1945
JAPN 150C Survey of Japanese Literature
JAPN 250C Japanese Lit. & Aesthetics
MUSI 116C Music in Contemporary Cultures
MUSI 216C Musics of the World
POLI 205C Chinese Politics
POLI 210C East Asian Policies
RELI 134C Chinese & Japanese Religious Traditions
RELI 333C Buddhist Thought and Scriptures
RELI 334C Taoist & Zen Traditions
RELI 335C The Confucian Tradition & Its Critics
RELI 336C Religious Daoism and Chinese Popular Religion
RUSS 205C Readings in Russian Culture
RUSS 260C 19th Century Russian Literature
RUSS 261C 20th Century Russian Literature
SOCI 110C Cultural Anthropology
SOCI 211C Cross-Culture Perspectives on Kinship
SOCI 245C Gender & Society
SOCI 246C Women & Family in East Asia
SOCI 275C Contemporary Japanese Society
SOCI 276C Contemporary Korean Society
SOCI 277C Islam & Islamic Societies
SOCI 290C Global Change
SOCI 310C Culture, Health & Sickness

SOCI 390C Post-Soviet Societies & Cultures
THDN 210C Dance Ethnology

Co-Curricular Activities

These goals support two components of the university’s purpose to develop “in harmony” the qualities that characterize “wholeness of person:” service to the community and care for the body. By practicing service to the community, students can discover connections between academic studies and responsible membership in a community. By participating in disciplined physical activity, students can perceive the benefits of personal wellness to lifelong learning.

Physical Activity

Students should gain an appreciation of the relation between physical activity and personal well-being by participating in appropriate physical activities consistent with the student’s physical ability.

Requirement:
Only two semester hours of physical activity courses can count toward the degree (students who wish to enroll for additional physical activity courses can do so, but must register for zero credit).

Courses are identified with a “P” in the course number.
ALL Intercollegiate Varsity Athletics
HFS 010P Beginning Tennis
HFS 011P Intermediate Tennis
HFS 015P Badminton
HFS 016P Beginning Fencing
HFS 017P Intermediate Fencing
HFS 018P Beginning Racquetball
HFS 019P Intermediate Racquetball
HFS 020P Basketball
HFS 023P Indoor Hockey
HFS 024P Soccer
HFS 026P Softball
HFS 028P Volleyball
HFS 030P Cricket
HFS 034P Fitness Programs
HFS 036P Jogging
HFS 037P Fitness Walking
HFS 039P Weight Training
HFS 040P Beginning Swimming
HFS 041P Intermediate Swimming
HFS 043P Fitness through Swimming
HFS 044P Lifeguard Training
HFS 046P Water Safety Instructor
HFS 047P Water Aerobics
HFS 049P Scuba
HFS 050P Step Aerobics
HFS 052P Archery
HFS 058P Canoeing
HFS 070P Beginning Golf
HFS 072P Horsemanship
HFS 076P Sailing
THDN 010P Aerobic Dance
THDN 011P Folk & Square Dance
THDN 012P Social Dance
THDN 013P Chinese Folk Dance
THDN 020P Theatre Movement
THDN 021P Dance Technique for Theatre
THDN 030P Modern Dance
THDN 040P Ballet
THDN 041P Intermediate Ballet
THDN 050P Jazz Dance
THDN 052P Intermediate Dance
THDN 060P Tap Dance
THDN 070P Dance Company Workshop

Community Service

Students should gain an understanding of the role, responsibility and challenge of service in community life through participation, experience and reflection.

Requirement:
Successful completion of Community Service 100 (0 semester hours): Twenty-seven hours of direct service and three hours of reflection on the service experience. The Community Service Office coordinates the community service requirement and serves as a liaison between students and community sites. Students should register for Community Service 100 and successfully complete it before their senior year.